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The Ins and Outs of Wood-Based Shear Walls
Three options stand out as the best choices
There are many wood-based shear wall solutions when designing a wood-framed building. There are three types of shear walls we use day in and day out on a wide variety of projects:
- Wood studs with gypsum sheathing
- Wood studs with wood structural panel sheathing
- Pre-fabricated shear wall panels
Each has its strengths, and you might wonder which is the best for your new, upcoming project.
Wood Studs with Gypsum Sheathing
Gypsum-sheathed wood stud shear walls can serve double duty as interior partition walls because, many times, there is already gypsum sheathing used for a finishing surface, which can result in cost savings for your project. The use of gypsum is great in buildings with long, uninterrupted extents of the wall—think apartment buildings. These types of shear walls have low capacities and a maximum height-to-width ratio of 2, which is why long lengths are needed. Remember that if your project is in an area of high seismicity, there may be building height restrictions for using this shear wall system.
While there are many shear wall solutions to choose from, we use wood studs with gypsum sheathing, wood studs with wood structural panel sheathing, and pre-fabricated shear wall panels on a regular basis.
Wood Studs with Wood Structural Panel Sheathing
Walls sheathed with wood structural panels offer greater strength and flexibility than gypsum-sheathed walls. Their assembly can vary by sheathing thickness, sheathing on a single or both sides, and the size and spacing of fasteners. The maximum height-to-width ratio between floor levels for this type of shear wall is 3.5. However, capacity reductions are required for aspect ratios greater than 2. In many circumstances, exterior walls have wood structural panels for support of finishes, so at these locations, the sheathing is already anticipated. However, if interior shear walls are needed for lateral resistance, wood structural panel sheathing would be added to the wall assembly.
The Sweetgrass Commons Apartments in Missoula, Montana, is a good example of a project where we used wood structural panel sheathed shear walls.
Pre-Fabricated Shear Wall Panels
Pre-fabricated wood panels are great for locations where the wall lengths provided do not meet code-required aspect ratios of conventional shear walls—think lots of glazing. They also provide higher levels of load resistance per foot than wood-sheathed walls. Third-party agencies test these panels to develop and publish wall panel capacities. Standard panel sizes include 12, 18, and 24-inch widths, with wider panels providing greater capacities. Although these panels can provide solutions in tight spaces, they are less cost-effective than their conventional farming counterparts.
Which is Best?
Each shear wall type described above has certain benefits and provides a wide variety of options for lateral design when used in the appropriate application. Remember, sometimes, a combination of shear wall types may be the right answer for your building.
Which shear wall option fits your next project?
